www.flu.gov/individualfamily/vaccination/index.htmlVaccinationVaccination is the best protection against contracting the flu.
You need two vaccines to be fully protected this year. The seasonal flu vaccine is different from the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine. The CDC is encouraging people to get both vaccinations, as soon as each is available. More…
The H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine should be ready for the public in early-to-mid October. The FDA has approved four vaccines against the H1N1 (Swine) flu virus. More…
The CDC recommends that certain priority groups receive the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine as soon as it becomes available. The CDC does not expect that there will be a shortage of H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine, but it is likely that initally, the vaccine will be available in limited quantities. More…
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The Seasonal Flu Vaccine and the H1N1 (Swine) Flu Vaccine
The seasonal flu vaccine and the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine are separate vaccinations. A seasonal vaccine is distributed routinely every year, the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine is in development for the fall of 2009.
The seasonal vaccine is not expected to protect against the H1N1 (Swine) flu and the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine is not intended to replace the seasonal flu vaccine. Each protects against a different virus and is intended to be used along-side the other.
It is anticipated that seasonal flu and H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccines may be administered on the same day. However, it is likely that the seasonal vaccine will be available earlier than the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine.
It is expected that the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine will require two injections per individual to ensure the appropriate immune response.
The usual seasonal flu is still expected to cause illness this fall and winter. Individuals are encouraged to get their seasonal flu vaccine as soon as it is available in early fall.
The H1N1 (Swine) Flu Vaccine
Working together with scientists in the public and private sector, the CDC has isolated the new H1N1 (Swine) flu virus and modified the virus so that it can be used to make hundreds of millions of doses of vaccine. Vaccine manufacturers are now using these materials to begin vaccine production.
On September 15, 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced it has approved four vaccines against the 2009 H1N1 (Swine) flu virus. The vaccines will be distributed nationally to the states after initial lots become available in early-to-mid October. More information on the 2009 H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine.
On September 21, 2008, the National Institutes of Health announced that that the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine will likely require just one 15-microgram dose for children 10 to 17 years of age. The immune responses in children nine years old and younger were not as strong. Studies show the immune response is very similar to the seasonal flu vaccination. More information on H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine trial testing.
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Priority Groups Recommended to Receive the H1N1 (Swine) Flu Vaccine
The CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a panel made up of medical and public health experts, recommends several groups receive the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine as soon as it becomes available:
Pregnant women because they are at higher risk of complications and can potentially provide protection to infants who cannot be vaccinated.
Household contacts and caregivers for children younger than 6 months of age because younger infants are at higher risk of influenza-related complications and cannot be vaccinated. Vaccination of those in close contact with infants less than 6 months old might help protect infants by “cocooning” them from the virus.
Healthcare and emergency medical services personnel because infections among healthcare workers have been reported and this can be a potential source of infection for vulnerable patients. Also, increased absenteeism among healthcare professionals could reduce healthcare system capacity.
All people from 6 months through 24 years of age
Children from 6 months through 18 years of age because there have been many cases of H1N1 (Swine) flu in children and they are in close contact with each other in school and day care settings, which increases the likelihood of disease spread.
Young adults 19 through 24 years of age because there have been many cases of H1N1 (Swine) flu in these healthy young adults and they often live, work, and study in close proximity, and they are a frequently mobile population.
Persons aged 25 through 64 years who have health conditions associated with higher risk of medical complications from influenza.
More information on the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccination recommendations
More information for specific groups
The CDC does not expect that there will be a shortage of H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine, but vaccine availability and demand can be unpredictable. It is likely that initially, the vaccine will be available in limited quantities.
In addition to the priority groups outlined above, the CDC has the following recommendations for adults certain medical conditions such as cancer, blood disorders, chronic lung disease, diabetes and several others:
Information About the Flu for People with Certain Medical Conditions [PDF]
Adults with Asthma Should Receive Flu Vaccination
What Adults with HIV Infection Should Know About the H1N1 (Swine) Flu
In addition to the vaccine recommendations, the following clinical guidance is currently available:
Interim Guidance for the Detection of Novel Influenza A Virus Using Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests
Dosage, Administration, and Storage
CDC Guidelines for Large-Scale Influenza Vaccination Clinic Planning
Antivirals drugs are prescription medications (pills, liquid or an inhaler). They can be used for prevention or treatment of flu viruses.
www.flu.gov/individualfamily/about/seasonalflu/index.htmlSeasonal FluThe seasonal flu is contagious and can cause mild to severe illness; and in some cases can lead to death. More…
The timing and severity of this year’s flu season is uncertain. More…
Type A and B flu viruses cause epidemics in the United States every year. More…
The symptoms for the common cold and the seasonal flu are similar. More…
Get vaccinated to protect yourself from the flu. If you do get sick, follow our treatment advice. More…
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Seasonal Flu Basics
Influenza (the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It spreads from person-to-person and can cause mild to severe illness; and in some cases, can lead to death.
In the United States, yearly outbreaks of seasonal flu usually happen during the fall through early spring.
The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccination each year.
Flu viruses can cause illness in people of any age group. Children are most likely to get sick because their immune systems aren’t strong enough to fight off the infection.
Some groups are more likely to have complications from the seasonal flu. These include:
those age 65 and older
children younger than 2 years old
people of any age who have chronic medical conditions (e.g. diabetes, asthma, congestive heart failure, lung disease)
Complications from the flu can include:
bacterial pneumonia
ear or sinus infections
dehydration
worsening of chronic medical conditions
Every year in the United States, on average:
5 to 20 percent of the population get the flu
More than 200,000 people are hospitalized from flu-related complications
About 36,000 people die from flu-related causes
Download free flu materials from CDC
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The 2009-2010 Flu Season
Flu seasons are unpredictable in a number of ways, including the timing of the beginning, severity, and length of the flu season.
This flu season (2009-2010), there are more uncertainties than usual because of the emergence of a new 2009 H1N1 (Swine) flu virus.
Severity is uncertain. The 2009 H1N1 (Swine) flu virus – along with regular seasonal viruses – will cause illness, hospital stays, and deaths this flu season in the United States. Scientists are concerned that the 2009 H1N1 virus may cause the season to be worse than a regular flu season – with a lot more people getting sick, being hospitalized and dying than during a regular flu season.
Timing is uncertain. In past years, seasonal flu activity typically did not reach its peak in the U.S. until January or February, but flu activity has occurred as late as May. However, the 2009 H1N1 (Swine) flu virus caused illness, hospitalizations, and deaths in the U.S. during the summer months when influenza is very uncommon. So it is not known when flu activity will increase, when it will be most intense (peak), what viruses will circulate, or how long the season might last.
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Flu Viruses
There are three types of flu viruses: A, B and C. The A and B viruses cause epidemics (widespread outbreaks in a country) of infection in people every year in the United States.
Type C infections cause mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics.
Type A viruses are divided into subtypes. Subtypes of type A that have been found in people worldwide include H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses.
Flu viruses are constantly changing. A global flu pandemic (worldwide outbreak) can happen if three conditions are met:
A new subtype of type A virus is introduced into the human population.
The virus causes serious illness in humans.
The virus can spread easily from person-to-person in a sustained manner.
The H1N1 (Swine) Flu met all three conditions and caused a worldwide outbreak. In late spring, the WHO declared that a H1N1 (Swine) flu pandemic is underway.
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Flu Symptoms and Cold vs. Flu
Common Symptoms
Possible Symptoms
fever (usually high)
tiredness (can be extreme)
headache
dry cough
sore throat
runny or stuffy nose
muscle aches
These symptoms may occur, but are more likely in children than adults:
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
Note that these additional symptoms may also be a sign of the H1N1 (Swine) flu.
Is it a Cold or the Flu?
Flu and the common cold are both respiratory illnesses, but they are caused by different viruses.
Flu and the common cold have similar symptoms (e.g. fever, sore throat). It can be difficult to tell the difference between them.
Your doctor can give you a flu test within the first few days of your illness to determine whether you have the flu.
In general, the flu is worse than the common cold.
Symptoms such as fever, body aches, extreme tiredness, and dry cough are more common and intense with the flu.
Colds are usually milder than the flu. People with colds are more likely to have a runny or stuffy nose.
Colds generally do not result in serious health problems, such as pneumonia, bacterial infections, or hospitalizations.
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Seasonal Flu – Vaccination, Prevention and Treatment
Vaccination is the best protection against contracting the flu. You need two vaccines to be fully protected this year. The seasonal flu vaccine is different from the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine. The CDC is encouraging people to get both vaccinations. Get the seasonal vaccination as soon as possible and get the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccination as soon as it is available in early fall.
More information on Vaccination
Find a Flu Clinic Near You and Get Vaccinated. Visit the Seasonal Flu Clinic Locator on this site.
For more prevention information, and what to do if you get the flu, follow our advice for Prevention and Treatment
CLICK HERE TO FIND PODCASTS ABOUT THE A-HIN1 FROM "CREDIBLE" SOURCES:www.flu.gov/individualfamily/about/h1n1/index.htmlHOW DO VACCINES WORK?www.wisegeek.com/how-do-vaccines-work.htmBefore vaccines were invented the only way to create immunity in the body was to suffer through a bout of the disease in question. Once endured, providing you survived, your immune system could fight off any future infections before they took hold. B-cells in the bloodstream, responsible for fighting off the disease, retain memory of the disease. If the disease returned, the immune system launched a quick attack before the disease could take hold.
Vaccines are safe because the viruses or bacterias used in vaccines have been severely compromised in a laboratory by one of several strategies.
In the case of measles, mumps and chickenpox, the virus's ability to reproduce rapidly is weakened. Normally these viruses cause illness by reproducing themselves thousands of times in the body. The virus used in a vaccine may reproduce itself 20 times or less, but this is still enough to initiate B-cell reaction and cell memory. One or two vaccines of a live, weakened virus will make a person immune for life. Unfortunately this type of vaccine is not safe for people with compromised immune systems, such as those suffering with cancer or AIDS.
Another strategy is to deactivate a virus by killing it with a chemical. Now the virus cannot reproduce at all, yet the presence of the dead virus in the body still generates a response by B-cells, producing antibodies and a memory record. However, as safe as this method is for people with weakened immune systems, its drawback is that it takes several vaccines to achieve long-lasting immunity. Vaccines of this type include polio, influenza, hepatitis A, and rabies.
For hepatitis B only a part of the virus is used -- a protein taken from the surface of the virus. In this case B-cells respond to the protein, immunizing the body against the entire virus. This vaccine is safe for people with weakened immune systems but requires three doses for lifetime immunity.
Several bacterial diseases have vaccines based on using part of the bacteria as well. These bacteria make harmful proteins called toxins. The toxins can be inactivated with a chemical. Once the toxin is inactivated, the bacteria is harmless, and therefore so is the vaccine. Two examples of this type of vaccine are diphtheria and tetanus.
But the most familiar vaccine of all is the flu vaccine.
Many people get the flu shot every year, which contains dead influenza viruses, while the nasal-spray flu vaccine contains live, weakened viruses. The nasal spray is normally given to healthy individuals between age 5 and 49. The flu shot can be administered to anyone 6 months or older, regardless of health. Each flu vaccine contains 3 different flu viruses, prevalent that year.
As always, check with your doctor for vaccinations that are best-suited to your personal health profile.